Laser resurfacing is divided into ablative laser resurfacing and non-ablative laser resurfacing. Ablative laser resurfacing is more traumatic than non-ablative laser resurfacing and requires a longer recovery time after treatment. However, it has incomparable advantages in terms of efficacy and is still the "gold standard" for skin rejuvenation internationally. Here we introduce four technologies for ablative resurfacing: CO2 laser, erbium laser, fractional laser and plasma technology.
(I) Development
CO2 laser was invented in 1964 and is mainly used in the treatment of modern skin diseases. The original CO2 laser was a continuous laser and was used as a cutting tool. When cutting with CO2 laser, it can reduce bleeding during surgery and reduce postoperative pain. However, due to its heat conduction, it causes too much thermal damage to the surrounding adjacent tissues, limiting its use as a cutting tool. In the 1970s, continuous CO2 lasers began to be used for laser epidermal reconstruction treatment, using the principle of CO2 laser "laser vaporization" of the skin to treat tattoos, hypertrophic scars, actinic cheilitis, syringoma skin warts, etc. In the 1980s, CO2 lasers were tried for grinding treatment of aging skin, but the unstable effect and obvious scar hyperplasia limited the application of CO2 lasers in beauty. In the early 1990s, a new generation of CO2 lasers with selective photothermal effects was born. It uses a high peak power, short pulse and fast scanning CO2 laser system. Because its action time is less than the thermal diffusion time of the tissue, the laser instantly vaporizes the target tissue, and the heat energy does not have time to conduct to the surrounding area, thereby reducing the minimum thermal damage to normal tissues. While removing the aging epidermis, it acts on the dermis through controllable thermal stimulation to reorganize the collagen of the dermis, thereby achieving the effect of skin rejuvenation. This technological advancement has enabled the new generation of pulsed CO2 laser systems to produce superior therapeutic effects and is safer than previous continuous CO2 lasers.
(II) IntroductionCO2 laser is an infrared light with a wavelength of 10600nm, which can be strongly absorbed by water in tissues. After the laser is absorbed by the tissue, the water in the tissue is heated and converted into local heat, which vaporizes after reaching 100℃, eventually causing damage to the target tissue. CO2 lasers are divided into two categories: continuous CO2 lasers and pulsed CO2 lasers.
(III) PrincipleCO2 lasers are the earliest lasers used in epidermal reconstruction. To achieve the effectiveness and safety of skin reconstruction, the thermal damage zone must be controlled within the range of the target (the target is the water-containing skin tissue). Therefore, the pulse width and energy of the CO2 laser during treatment must meet certain requirements. The penetration depth of CO2 laser in the skin is 20~30um. For 20~30um thick water, its thermal relaxation time is less than 1ms. For CO2 lasers, at least 5J/cm? of energy is required to vaporize such thick tissue. Therefore, according to the theory of selective photothermal effect, during skin peeling, the ideal pulse width of pulsed CO laser must be less than 1ms, and the energy density provided by each pulse must be greater than 5J/cm'.
(IV) Classification Since the early CO laser used continuous wave mode, its tissue residence time was greater than the thermal relaxation time of the superficial skin layer (1ms), resulting in excessive non-specific damage, making clinical complications such as scar formation and depigmentation or pigmentation extremely high. Due to its many complications, its application in the field of beauty, especially in skin rejuvenation, is limited. The new generation of CO laser has selective photothermal effect due to technological innovation. Its peak energy density is greater than the peeling threshold of skin tissue (5J/cm2), but the tissue residence time is less than the thermal relaxation time of the skin (1ms). The new CO laser has two main action modes. One is to limit the tissue residence time by shortening the pulse width--UltaPulse technology; the other is to use scanning technology to make the continuous wave CO laser beam quickly scan the tissue, and the residence time at any point of the tissue does not exceed 1ms--Silk Touch technology. Ultra Pulse technology is the earliest high-energy pulsed C0, laser used in clinical practice. It is a pulse laser machine produced by Coherent. It uses patented technology to make the C0, laser work in a true pulse mode. The pulse width of the laser is 0.6~1ms, the maximum pulse energy is 500mJ, and the depth of thermal damage is less than 70um. The machine has two working modes, one is continuous wave output mode and the other is pulse wave output mode. It has two functions of cutting and vaporization. It is equipped with 0.2mm, 0.3mm, 1.0mm, 3.0mm hand tools and a special computer graphics generator (CPC). It can adjust and emit 7 categories of 56 different computer graphics according to the shape of the wrinkle. The maximum scanning graphic diameter can reach 19mm. This pattern generator that can adjust the spot size, intensity and spot shape makes the treatment operation faster and more uniform. Using different modes can quickly and accurately complete small or large area treatment.
Silk Touch technology is based on the traditional continuous CO2 laser, equipped with a microprocessor to control the focused beam to quickly scan the target tissue, ensuring that the light stays on any specific part for less than 1ms. For wrinkle removal, Sik Touch (ST) or Feather Touch (FT) scanning devices can be used. The pulse width of ST and FT is 0.4ms. The ST scanning mode is to repeat the scan twice for each exposure. The FT mode can vaporize the target tissue more superficially and leave a smaller color damage layer. It is suitable for fine wrinkles and superficial pigment abnormalities. The optional handles of Silk Touch are 125mm (spot diameter 2.5~3.7mm), 200mm (spot diameter 4~11mm) and 260mm (spot diameter 7~15mm).
In terms of photoaging of the skin, CO2 laser is often used to treat skin sagging, superficial fine wrinkles, solar keratosis, etc. In addition, it can also be used to treat hypertrophic rosacea, acne scars, old scars, etc.
Dynamic facial wrinkles such as frown lines, deep forehead lines, nasolabial folds and deep smile lines are not suitable for CO2 laser treatment. In addition, pigmentary diseases such as chloasma, vitiligo, and scar physique are contraindications for CO2 laser treatment.
2. Erbium laser (Er:YAG) epidermal reconstruction
(I) Development
Due to the shortcomings of CO2 laser, such as complications such as depigmentation, pigmentation, long-term erythema, delayed healing, and infection, these complications have led to the continued improvement of laser technology and equipment. Ideally, the laser system should be able to produce a strong peeling function while significantly reducing nonspecific damage to tissues. As a result, a laser that can accurately remove skin without CO2 laser tissue necrosis zone, the erbium-doped garnet laser (Er:YAG laser), was introduced. Its high affinity for water enables it to accurately and effectively peel tissues, while its laser beam has minimal diffusion and minimal residual thermal damage.
(II) Introduction Erbium lasers are divided into continuous erbium lasers and pulsed erbium lasers. Since continuous erbium lasers are highly traumatic, they are rarely used in clinical practice. Currently, the most commonly used erbium laser in clinical practice is pulsed erbium-doped garnet lasers (Er:YAG lasers). (III) Principles
The light generated by Er:YAG lasers belongs to the near-infrared part of the electromagnetic spectrum, with a wavelength of 2940nm. The absorption coefficient of erbium lasers to water is 16 times that of CO2 lasers, which makes the energy generated by Er:YAG lasers more easily absorbed by thin layers of tissue than CO2 lasers, and its penetration depth in tissues is only 2.5um. Since the energy of erbium lasers is almost completely absorbed by water, the energy conversion rate is extremely high, and the pulse action time is extremely short, only within a few milliseconds or shorter, so that skin tissues with a high water content are directly vaporized at the moment of being hit by the erbium laser; at the same time, due to the extremely short pulse width, heat energy is rarely transferred to surrounding tissues. Therefore, erbium laser has precise epidermal grinding function, less residual necrotic tissue, less trauma, and faster healing. At the same time, the wavelength of Er:YAG laser is consistent with the optimal absorption peak of collagen (3000nm), so it can also be selectively absorbed by collagen. In laser epidermal reconstruction, Miler noticed that there is a competition between tissue removal and coagulation. The tissue removal effect of erbium laser is higher than the coagulation effect, which allows erbium laser to penetrate deep into the dermis and continue to remove tissue. Unlike C0, laser, Er:YAG laser achieves dermal removal instead of thermal coagulation of the dermis. Because the thermal damage range of erbium laser is small and collagen in the dermis can be directly removed, when irradiated with high energy multiple times, erbium laser can pass through the dermis into the subcutaneous tissue layer to remove tissue. Due to the selective absorption of collagen, E:YAG laser can also be used to remove scar tissue. Laser epidermal reconstruction of mild skin aging can be completed with one irradiation, with only small thermal damage. Each additional irradiation can produce predictable damage until the deep dermis. The energy density of Er:YAG laser in each pulse is 0.25J/cm?, and the skin grinding depth of each pulse is exactly 1um. As the laser energy increases, the tissue removal depth caused by each irradiation also increases accurately. Hohenleuter et al. noticed that when the tissue removal threshold is exceeded, the abrasion depth increases by 2.5um for every 1J/cm' increase in energy density. Before the energy reaches 25J/cm', the energy density and grinding depth are basically linear. The grinding threshold of Er:YAG laser is close to 1.5J/cm'. When the laser energy is within 1.5~25J/cm', the tissue is mainly cleared, and the thermal damage generated is kept at a minimum level; when the energy exceeds 25J/cm', the amount of tissue removal caused by each irradiation decreases and coagulation increases.
Er:YAG laser is used for laser epidermal reconstruction. When the energy density is 5J/cm?, the epidermis can be vaporized after 4 scans; when the energy density is 8J/cm', the epidermis can be vaporized after 2 scans.
(III) Classification Due to the traditional Er:YAG laser's slow speed, low energy, low grinding efficiency, poor coagulation performance, inability to stop bleeding, shallow grinding depth, and difficulty in treating deep wrinkles, a dual-mode Er:YAG laser was developed in the late 1990s, adding a long-pulse erbium laser to increase its pulse width from 350ps to 10ms. The adjustable Er:YAG laser system integrates the effectiveness of long pulses (coagulation) and short pulses (grinding). Currently, there are three types of adjustable Er:YAG laser systems in production; another is an adjustable pulse width Er:YAG laser (CO, Cynosure), which can transmit single pulses of different widths; another is a dual-mode (grinding and sub-grinding/coagulation mode) pulsed ET:YAG laser (Contour, Sciton), and the third adjustable Er:YAG laser system is a laser system that combines CO and Er:YAG lasers (Derma-K, Lumenis). The CO:Er:YAG laser system is a variable pulse width erbium laser that can deliver pulse widths from 500us to 10ms. Short pulse widths are used for grinding, and long pulse widths produce thermal effects similar to the coagulation effect of CO lasers on tissues. The dual-mode Contour Er:YAG laser uses the "optimal composite" pulse train technology to stack each independent Er:YAG laser pulse, combining high-energy short pulse width (us) clipping pulses with low-energy long pulse width (5~10ms) coagulation pulses. This pulse can be a pure clipping pulse, a pure coagulation pulse, or both. A single pulse can completely remove the epidermis, and the coagulation effect can produce thermal damage and tissue contraction in the dermis, with the vaporization and coagulation effects of CO lasers. The control panel can select the removal depth and coagulation depth. The Derma-K laser system is a laser system that integrates CO and Er:YAG, with the coagulation function of the CO laser and the grinding function of the Er:YAG laser. CO2 laser pulses are emitted between two E:YAG laser grinding pulses, playing a sub-abrasive or coagulation pulse role, and its pulse energy can also be adjusted between tissue removal and hemostasis.
For long-pulse Er:YAG laser systems, as a general principle, deep wrinkles and severe photoaging are best treated with the longest pulse laser, while short-pulse lasers are used for mild photoaging of superficial wrinkles. For the removal of thermal necrotic tissue left after fine tissue carving and coagulation mode laser action, short-pulse adjustable Er:YAG lasers can be used for simple grinding.
(IV) Comparison with CO2 laser
Various studies have confirmed that when CO2 laser is used for skin reconstruction, most of its energy is used for heating rather than exfoliation of tissue. Most of the energy transmitted by Er:YAG laser is used for exfoliation rather than heating tissue.
Compared with CO2 laser skin reconstruction, Er:YAG laser can more accurately and effectively control the exfoliation depth of target tissue due to its extremely small penetration depth and limited residual thermal damage, resulting in faster postoperative recovery and fewer adverse reactions. Moreover, since E:YAG laser peeling is more superficial, the anesthesia requirements and complications caused by anesthesia during treatment are significantly reduced.
Since Er:YAG laser is safer, it is more suitable for skin reconstruction in areas such as the neck, forearms, and hands, which are considered forbidden areas for CO2 laser skin reconstruction. In addition, the incidence of pigment changes after E:YAG laser surgery in patients with dark skin is much lower than that of CO2 laser. However, due to the lack of tissue coagulation of Er:YAG laser, superficial dermal blood vessels rupture and bleed, which also limits the peeling depth it can achieve, and it cannot cause obvious tissue contraction, so the clinical effect is much worse than CO2 laser. Many experts believe that the good results of CO2 in skin reconstruction are caused by heat-induced tissue changes. A large number of studies have shown that CO2 laser treatment heats dermal collagen, causing collagen tissue contraction and synthesis of new dermal collagen. CO2 laser skin reconstruction can produce 25%~40% immediate tissue contraction, while short-pulse Er:YAG laser has not been found to cause obvious tissue contraction.
(V) Combined application of Er:YAG laser and CO2 laser
In view of the advantages and disadvantages of E:YAG laser, nowadays, most doctors in the world prefer to use EYAG laser and CO2 laser together for skin reconstruction. Goldman and his colleagues studied the use of Er:YAG laser to remove the thermal necrosis layer after CO2 laser skin reconstruction. The treatment method is to use Er:YAG laser only on one side of the face, and first use CO2 laser and then Er:YAG laser to remove the thermal damage area on the other side. The results showed that on the combined treatment side, thermal necrosis was significantly reduced, healing was accelerated, erythema was reduced, and the formation of new collagen was not affected. There was no significant difference in the treatment effect. In the treatment of perioral wrinkles, the combined use of CO2-Er:YAG laser significantly reduced postoperative scabs, edema, and itching. However, for deep wrinkles, the use of CO2-Er:YAG laser combined treatment has no advantage over CO2 laser treatment alone.
Erbium laser is commonly used to treat mild to moderate facial photoaging wrinkles (such as periorbital wrinkles, static wrinkles on the cheeks and forehead), moderate facial atrophic scars, neck skin and small skin lesions. (VII) Contraindications
For residual dynamic wrinkles (such as periorbital, brow, forehead), E:YAG laser alone is not effective. Botulinum toxin injection can be used in combination with Er:YAG laser skin reconstruction to achieve good results. CO2 laser is often used for perioral wrinkles and removal of larger skin lesions (such as rosacea).
III. Fractional laser epidermal reconstruction
(I) Development
In order to overcome the disadvantages of CO2 laser and Er:YAG laser in epidermal reconstruction, and to retain its strong stimulation on collagen fiber synthesis as much as possible during treatment, fractional laser technology came into being under such circumstances. Its theory originated from the theory of focal photothermal effect (fractional phototermolysis) proposed by RoxAnderson in 2004. The introduction of the concept of vaporizing fractional laser in 2007 has further developed the concept of fractional laser. Due to the advantages of fractional laser, it has been quickly recognized by clinicians as soon as it appeared, and has become a hot spot in laser professional research in recent years.
(II) Introduction
Fractal laser is the translation of the term fractional laser, also known as pixel laser or perforating laser. This laser uses some special means to make the laser emit many small and consistent beams of light. There is a normal tissue interval between each beam as a heat diffusion zone to reduce the thermal damage to the skin during laser treatment. Compared with the traditional classic ablative full-thickness epidermal reconstruction, the damage range of fractional laser is greatly reduced, the wound heals faster, and the side effects are significantly reduced.
There are three ways to generate dot matrix patterns. The first is through a "filter", that is, a special device is installed in front of the laser beam. This device is composed of many tiny lenses, just like a sieve filter with countless holes. When the laser beam is emitted and passes through this device, the light will be re-divided into countless array-like light spots, so that the beam will appear as a dot matrix arrangement when it acts on the skin. The characteristics of this mode are that the light spot and the density and size of the light spot are constant. The second mode is that the pattern generator controlled by the computer chip generates the dot matrix beam. This generator is installed at the output end of the laser. It changes the laser beam into countless small beams, so that they are generated sequentially or randomly, and finally form different dot matrix scanning patterns when acting on the skin. The characteristics of this mode are that the light spot density of the laser can be adjusted, and the pattern and scanning order of the light spot can be adjusted. The third mode is to use a scanning treatment head. During treatment, the laser handpiece slides on the skin, and the light spot will automatically scan on the skin, and finally form a dot matrix light.
Fractional lasers are divided into two categories: ablative fractional lasers and non-ablative fractional lasers. Here we will introduce the application of ablative fractional lasers in photoaging.
(III) Principle Fractional lasers are a type of laser that is based on the principle of focal photothermal action (fractional photothenmolysis). The so-called focal photothermal action refers to adjusting the laser beam that has strong absorption of water to hundreds of microns, and acting on the skin under the condition of ensuring a certain energy density. The laser will penetrate the epidermis into the dermis to produce thermal damage, thereby starting the body's programmed wound healing process. Fractional lasers arrange the beam into a dot matrix. This dot matrix thermal stimulation will act evenly on the skin, resulting in uniform remodeling and reconstruction of the entire layer of skin, including the epidermis and dermis. This is the principle of focal photothermal action. The three-dimensional columnar thermal damage zone of uniform size and uniform arrangement produced when the laser acts on the skin is called the microscopic thermal zone (MTZ). The columnar thermal denaturation zone caused by this micro-thermal damage forms columnar micro-epidermal necrotic debris (MENDS) in the epidermis. When the energy density is large enough, the true epidermal tissue can be vaporized to form a true hole (microscope ablative zoon, MAZ). If the laser beam only causes a columnar thermal denaturation zone, it is called "non-vaporizing fractional laser". If a true aperture is formed, it is called "vaporizing fractional laser". It is currently believed that the MTZ size is less than 300~500wm to be a true fractional laser mode (fractional photothermolysis). If it is more than 500um, it is considered to be a point-like epidermal reconstruction or point-like grinding (fractional resurfacing). The diameter of the commonly used fractional laser MTZ is within 400pm and can penetrate to a depth of 1300um. The type, wavelength and energy density of the laser determine the diameter and penetration depth of the MTZ. For the same laser, the higher the energy of each fractional beam, the larger the diameter of the MTZ produced and the deeper the penetration. Unlike traditional ablative lasers, when fractional lasers produce thermal damage, only the MTZ is the thermal damage area, while the surrounding tissues are intact normal tissues. In the process of wound repair, it becomes a reservoir of living cells, and its keratinocytes can quickly crawl to the MIZ area to make it heal quickly. Studies have found that epidermal regeneration in the MTZ area can be completed in 24-48 hours, and new collagen is produced after 4 days. Compared with traditional ablative lasers, the damage range of fractional lasers is greatly reduced, the wound heals quickly, and the side effects are mild, which makes full-face ablative epidermal reconstruction possible.
Fractional lasers can use lasers of different wavelengths, but their common point is that water has strong absorption of them, that is, water is their target. When the laser acts on the skin, the epidermis, collagen fibers, blood vessels and other water-containing structures in the skin tissue can absorb it, produce a thermal effect, thereby promoting the synthesis of new collagen fibers, collagen remodeling, and epidermal renewal, and ultimately achieving the effect of wrinkle reduction and skin quality improvement, and achieving the purpose of skin rejuvenation. Lasers of different wavelengths produce different thermal effects and can be divided into two categories: one is non-vaporizing fractional lasers, and the other is vaporizing fractional lasers. Non-vaporizing fractional lasers only produce a columnar thermal denaturation area, mainly mid-infrared lasers with a wavelength range of 1320~1550nm, and vaporizing fractional lasers produce apertures in the true sense, mainly C0, lasers, erbium lasers and YSCG fractional lasers. Here we only introduce vaporizing fractional lasers used for ablative epidermal reconstruction.
1. Er:YAG fractional laser: Er:YAG fractional laser with a wavelength of 2940nm is characterized by its particularly good absorption of water, strong epidermal vaporization function, precise treatment, and superficiality. Based on this feature, the laser is absorbed in the epidermis, making it difficult to penetrate into the deep layer. Therefore, it can be used for fine grinding of the epidermis and skin rejuvenation treatment of the epidermis, such as improving pigmentation spots, enlarged pores, rough skin, superficial scars, etc. However, due to its small effect on the dermis, the improvement of skin relaxation is not obvious.
2. CO2 fractional laser The CO2 fractional laser with a wavelength of 10600nm is the most effective laser among all fractional lasers, especially in the treatment of wrinkles and acne scars. CO2 fractional laser represented by Lumenis's Anthracene (Fractal King) can provide two treatment modes. One is the representative ActiveFX mode. In this mode, the laser spot diameter is 1.25mm. The density and energy of the spot can be adjusted arbitrarily, so it can also be adjusted to the traditional vaporization epidermal reconstruction treatment. When this mode is used to treat pigmented skin diseases, the pain is mild and the patient can tolerate it without surface intoxication. The second mode is the DeepFX mode. The spot size is 0.12mm. The density and energy of the spot can also be adjusted. In this mode, the laser penetrates very deeply and a significant dermal contraction effect can be observed. Clinically, the two modes can be used in combination and more clinical indications have been obtained.
3. YSGG fractional laser (yttrium scandium galium garnet, YSGG, yttrium scandium gallium garnet laser) has a wavelength of 2790nm, which is a laser with a wavelength between Er:YAG laser and CO laser. It has certain dermal thermal stimulation and hemostasis effects, and also has good tissue vaporization function. This is a new laser system with less clinical experience and literature. It is reported internationally that the laser has obvious clinical efficacy, mainly for aging skin such as pigment spots, wrinkles, rough skin, large pores, and loose skin. It can be effective one month after treatment. The treatment risk is small, there is no obvious discomfort during the treatment, the recovery time after treatment is short, no special care is required, and it has little impact on life and work.
(V) Indications
The application of fractional laser in photoaging is mainly to remove various fine wrinkles, large pores, rough skin, loose skin, solar keratosis and various pigment spots. In addition, it also has obvious efficacy for post-acne depressed scars, surgical incision scars and post-traumatic scars.
(VI) Contraindications
Plasma skin regeneration (PSR) is contraindicated for patients with scar tissue, skin infection, systemic immune system disease or disease of important organs.
(I) Development
Plasma skin regeneration (PSR) is a new technology in medicine. To be precise, it is not a laser technology, but a non-invasive skin rejuvenation treatment. Plasma technology has been used in surgery for more than ten years, but its application in skin rejuvenation has only begun in recent years. The plasma treatment technology for facial wrinkle removal was first developed by Phytecmc and approved by the US FDA. Since 2007, reports on the use of plasma in beauty have appeared in international beauty conferences, but currently not many people use this technology, and there is relatively little clinical experience. We will give a brief introduction here.
(II) Introduction
Plasma is a special state of matter, which is the fourth state of matter besides solid, liquid and gas. When solid matter is heated to a certain degree and absorbs enough energy, it will turn into liquid. When liquid is heated again, it will turn into gas. If gas is heated again, it will turn into plasma state, that is, atoms lose peripheral electrons to form positively charged naked atoms, ionized gas state, and form a mixture of charged particles (electrons and ions), neutral atoms, molecules and free radicals. This is the fourth state of matter, called plasma state. Depending on the gas that produces it, it will present different spectra, temperatures and ion types.
Plasma skin regeneration (PSR) uses microplasma technology (microplasma technology) or Pixel RF technology to release energy (rather than light) to the skin to produce heat on the skin, so that the epidermis is quickly renewed and the dermis collagen is regenerated, thereby achieving the effect of improving skin photoaging. Since the release of this energy does not depend on the skin's pigment, it is suitable for the treatment of most types of skin.
(III) Principle
The external excitation energy of plasma technology is generated by ultra-high frequency radio frequency electromagnetic waves. In the handpiece for treatment, the gas is acted upon by high-frequency current to generate plasma, which can emit radiation pulses in a certain wavelength range, with peak energy concentrated in the visible light range, wavelengths in the indigo and violet range, and also distributed in the near-infrared range, and pulse widths in the millisecond range. The reason for choosing nitrogen as the gas working substance is that it can "purify" the oxygen on the surface of the skin, thereby reducing the risk of thermal effects, scabs and scar formation during treatment. After the plasma nitrogen is formed in the handpiece, it sprays a 6mm "spot" through a quartz nozzle. When the probe approaches the skin, the plasma hits the skin and its energy is quickly transferred to the skin surface, and then to the upper dermis, causing an instantaneous, controllable and uniform thermal effect, resulting in a dermal collagen contraction reaction, without tissue explosion or epidermal exfoliation in the process. After the plasma energy heats the skin, the thermally damaged epidermis can act as a biological dressing during the epithelial regeneration process, which is conducive to the rapid regeneration of the epidermis and collagen formation. During plasma skin resurfacing, the energy parameters are adjustable. If the parameters are set high, it can cause epidermal exfoliation, gradual peeling and subsequent epidermal regeneration, similar to CO laser epidermal reconstruction. If the parameters are set low, the thermal damage is not obvious, only desquamation but not full-thickness peeling, similar to microdermabrasion, and the treatment is very gentle. This treatment produces long-term stimulation to the fibroblasts in the inner layer of the dermis, which will lead to the deposition of new collagen and will last at least 3 months after the treatment, achieving the effects of tightening the skin, removing wrinkles, and restoring skin elasticity and luster.
The characteristics of plasma technology are: during the entire treatment process, it is only the energy transfer of the plasma itself, not the absorption of light energy. Unlike the ablative laser described previously, plasma skin regeneration does not require pigment as the target color base, and does not work on the pigment cells of the skin, which is called the "color blindness" characteristic. Therefore, it is suitable for the treatment of various types of skin. Studies have confirmed that plasma skin regeneration has the efficacy of ablative skin rejuvenation and the advantages of less complications and faster recovery of non-ablative skin rejuvenation. It is safe and effective for the treatment of facial skin and is an ideal new skin treatment method.
Plasma skin regeneration is mainly used to treat facial skin photoaging, including rough skin, sagging skin, enlarged pores and wrinkles, etc. It is also applicable to photoaging of the skin on the neck, chest and hands. In addition, plasma technology can also treat acne and acne scars, various traumatic and atrophic scars, stretch marks, etc. There is also a plasma fiber lipolysis technology that uses plasma micro-point radio frequency to act on subcutaneous fat to heat and melt the subcutaneous fat to achieve the purpose of fat dissolving and body shaping.
It is prohibited for people with scar constitution, skin infection, systemic immune system disease or important organ disease.
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